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Questions
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Answer
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The process of salivary protein secretion is via a process
called |
Exocytosis
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The secretion of fluid component of saliva is initiated by
the |
Release of calcium ions
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In a salivary acini chloride ions are found in large
numbers along the |
Luminal surface
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In a salivary acini potassium ions are found in large
numbers along the |
Basolateral surface
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The sodium ions moves across the salivary acini in a
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Paracellular pathway
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The nerve innervations to salivary gland can be
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Either epilemmal or hypolemmal
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In the hypolemmal type of nervous innervation, the axons
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Lose their schwann cell covering
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The basement membrane of the salivary acini is penetrated
when the innervation to it is by |
Purely hypolemmal
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The sympathetic stimulation of salivary gland result in a
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Protein secretion
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The parasympathetic stimulation of salivary gland result
in a |
Water and electrolyte secretion
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The buffer system of saliva include(s) the
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Bicarbonate buffer system; Phosphate buffer system;
Protein buffer system |
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A unit cell of biologic apatite crystals has a shape of a
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Stubby rhomboic pattern
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The layer of water around each apatite crystallite is
referred as |
Hydration shell
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The layer(s) of crystal is (are)
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Crystal interior; Crystal surface and Hydration shell
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The calcium in apatite crystal can be substituted by
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Magnesium
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The fluoride ion on reacting with apatite crystals takes
up the position of |
Hydroxyl ions. So does the chloride ion
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In an apatite crystal the hydroxyl and phosphate can be
substituted by |
Carbonate
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The fluoride substitution in biological apatite crystals
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Decreases solubility
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The carbonate substitution in biological apatite crystals
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Increases solubility
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The magnesium substitution in biological apatite crystals
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Inhibit crystal growth. Sodium has also similar effect
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The electron microscope appearance of an apatite crystals
is |
Needle like
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The vesicles of the matrix vesicle theory causes
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Only initial mineralization
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The minerals in hard tissue during mineralization lie
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Lie at the gap zones
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In a mature hard tissue the minerals are placed
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Incorporated within the collagen fibrils
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The function of alkaline phosphatase is to hydrolyze
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Phosphate ions from organic radicals at alkaline pH
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The role of pyrophosphates, found in the zone of active mineralization
is |
To prevent crystal enlargement
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A cell possess a cytoskeleton made up of
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Microtubule and filaments
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The transmembrane that attach to the extracellular matrix
to the cell and often found in the macula occludens type of cell junction is the |
Integrins
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The common glycoprotein in the basement membrane is the
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Laminin
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The function of cytoskeleton include (s)
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Support cell and cell junction; Intracellular transport;
Motility |
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Tubulin is a type of
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Microtubule
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Microfilaments provide the cell with
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Shape; Cytoplasmic movement; Cell contractility
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The calcium dependent transmembrane protein that are found
in adherens type of cell junction is the |
Cadehrins
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The common proteoglycan in the basement membrane is the
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Heparan sulphate
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Fibroblast synthesize
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Collagen; Oxytalan, elastin, elaunin; Ground substance
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The collagen is made up of
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3 poly peptide alpha chains
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All type of collagen have
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High glycine content ; Always contain hydroxyproline and
hydroxylysine; Triple helix configuration arrangement |
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The class of collagen that have interruption in triple
helix of fibrils is the |
Third domain collagen
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Decorins bind
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Collagen
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The fast pain is carried by the
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C fibers
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The type C nerve fibers predominantly carries the
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Slow chronic pain
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Receptors specialized for sensing pain is
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Free nerve ending
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When a patient has a low pain tolerance he has
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Hyperalgesia
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The chemicals that stimulate the chemical type of pain
receptors includes |
Bradykinnin, Histamine, Serotonin, Potassium ions, Acids
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The fast pain nerves travels at a speed of
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6-30 meters / second
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The predominant pathway (s) by which the fast pain is
conducted is the |
Neospinothalamic pathway
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The paleospinothalamic pathway predominantly involves the
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Slow type of pain
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The first order neuron of neospinothalamic tract
terminates at |
Lamina marginlais
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In neospinothalamic tract, from the dorsal spinal root, to
the dorsal horn pass through |
Tract of Lissauer
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Tract of Lissauer lies immediately posterior to the
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Dorsal horn of gray matter
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Neospinothalamic tract ends at
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Ventrobasal complex
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Substansia gelatinosa is formed by the
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Lamina II and III
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Substansia gelatinosa is associated with
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Paleospinothalamic pathway
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When type C nerve fibers synapse in dorsal horn of spinal
cord they release a neurpolypeptide called |
Substance P
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Slow pain pathway terminates at area
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Reticular nuclei; Tectal area; Periaqueductal gray region
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The dorsal column nuclei consist of the
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Cuneate and gravile nuclei
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The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is
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Sarcolemma
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Each myofibril is made up of
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3000 actin and 1500 actin filaments
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“I” in I bands of muscle refers to ____________ property
of them under polarized light |
Isotrophic
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The filaments in muscle in the region of A bands are
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Anisotrophic
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The space between two successive Z disc is referred as
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Sarcomere
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Myofibrils are suspended in a matrix of
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Sarcoplasm
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Muscle contraction occurs by a
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Sliding filament mechanism
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The myosin is formed by
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2 heavy chain and 4 light chain
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Actin filaments are made up of
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Actin; Tropomyosin; Troponin
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The increase in tension in muscle during muscle
contraction is called |
Active tension
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The continuous rhythmic chewing movements are brought
about by stimulation of |
Reticular formation
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The involuntary phase of deglutition includes
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Pharyngeal and esophageal phase
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The swallowing receptor areas are triggered by the
stimulation of |
Tonsillar pillars
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During the pharyngeal phase of deglutition the
palatopharyngeal folds |
Approximate at midline
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The neural control of the pharyngeal phase of deglutition
is by the |
Trigeminal, glossopharyngeal nerve
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The deglutition center(s) is(are) situated at
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Medulla and lower pons
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The motor innervations for deglutition is via the
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5th, 9th, 10th, 12th
Cranial nerves |
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The secondary peristaltic movement during deglutition is caused
by |
Distention of esophagus by food
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The parasympathetic supply to salivary glands is from the
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Salivatory nucleus
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Salivatory nuclei lies at the
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In medulla and pons
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The sympathetic innervation of salivary glands is from the
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Superior cervical ganglion
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During saliva formation, in the duct the sodium ions are
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Actively resorbed
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During the salivary modification in salivary ducts,
potassium ions are |
Actively secreted
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The chloride ions are ________ during the modification of
saliva in the ducts before opening in to oral cavity |
Passively resorbed
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Bicarbonate in saliva is secreted by the
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Ductal epithelium
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Collagen is secreted from fibroblast as the
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Procollagen
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Post-transitional assembly of collagen involves
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Lysyl oxidase; Lsylhydroxylase; Procollagen peptidase
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An amorphous protein when occurring alone in sheets and
lamellae in the extracellular matrix is the |
Elastin
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Elastic fiber is initially secreted as a
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Tubular glycoprotein
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A large proteoglycan bonding cell surface glycoprotein to
extracellular matrix is the |
Versican
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The proteoglycan that along with fibronectin anchors
fibroblast to extracellular matrix is |
Perlecan
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Most of the mineral in dentin is observed within the
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Collagen. 56% of the mineral in dentin occurs inside the
collagen fibers. |
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The mean number of nerve fibers entering a typical
premolar is about |
900 fibers
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Near the dentinoenamel junction each nerve fiber is
estimated to provide at least |
8 terminal branches
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The nerve ending limited to the capsule of the
tempromandibular joint is the |
Ruffini end organ. Along with the Pacinian corpuscles,
this organ is limited to the capsule of the temporomandibular joint. |
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The nerve endings limited to the ligaments of the
tempromandibular joint is the |
Golgi tendon organ
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The type of nerve endings that is most abundant in the
temporomandibular joint is the |
Free nerve endings
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The hard tissue that has no collagen in its matrix is the
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Enamel
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Hard tissue accepts minerals in the form of
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Hydroxyapatite crystals
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Apatite crystals are in the shape of
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Needle
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During hard tissue formation a local increase in
concentration of inorganic ions permitting a number of crystallite to form is the |
Homogenous nucleation
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The presence of a nucleating substance occurs in
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Heterogenous nucleation
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In hard tissue formation, initial mineral deposition in
collagen occurs at |
Gap zones
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Resting lines in bone show high amount of
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Sulphur. Calcium and phosphate ions are low in amount in
these resting lines. |
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Microfilaments are made up of
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Actin
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“Intracellular muscle of cells” are
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Myosin
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Intermediate filaments determine the
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Cell shape
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Belts of a junction between cells is known as
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Zonulae. When a junction occurs in spot it is called as
maculae. |
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In cell-to-cell contact, microfilaments are associated
with |
Adhesion belt
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In cell-to-matrix contact, microfilaments are associated
with |
Focal contact
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Desmosomes are associated with
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Cadherins
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Hemidesmosomes are associated with
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Integrins
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The type of collagen that has a chicken wire configuration
is the |
Type IV collagen
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In an embryonic fibroblast, cell-to-cell contact is
predominantly maintained via |
Gap junction
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In ligament fibroblasts, cell-to cell contact is
predominantly maintained via |
Adhesion type
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In ligament fibroblasts, cell-to matrix contact is
predominantly maintained via |
Focal contact
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The collagen that does not exist in fibrous form is the
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Type VII collagen
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During collagen synthesis, before the helix formation,
occurs the proline and lysine residues undergo |
Hydroxylation
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In the synthesis of collagen, the disulphide bonding at C
terminal extension brings about |
Proper alignment
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Procollagen molecules are in
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Non-staggered configuration
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The time between the formation and secretion of collagen
molecule is the |
Transit time
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The transit time of human collagen molecule is
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35 to 60 minutes
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Mobilization and migration of epithelial cells is
visualized in histology as |
Widening of intercellular spaces
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During the rapid repair of a non-infected oral wound by
primary retention, the epithelial cells exhibit |
Pentose phosphate shunt
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Prof. Rooban Thavarajah
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist
List
Fast pain carried by a delta fiber not c fiber pls clerify