|
No
|
Term
|
Definitions
|
|
|
501
|
Mucopolysaccharidosis
|
A
heterogenous group of metabolic disorder usually inherited in an autosomal recessive fashions characterized by lack of one or more normal enzymes leading to accumulation of these glycosaminoglyans or mucopolysaccharides. |
|
|
502
|
Mucopurulent
|
Consisting of both mucous and
pus. |
|
|
503
|
Mucormycosis
|
See
zygormycosis |
|
|
504
|
Mucositis
|
Mucosal inflammation.
|
|
|
505
|
Mucous escape phenomenon or Mucous extravastion
phenomenon |
Is a common salivary gland cyst resulting from
rupture of a salivary gland duct and spillage of mucin in to adjacent tissues. |
|
|
506
|
Mucous patch
|
Lesions of secondary syphilis.
See syphilis. |
|
|
507
|
Mucous retention cyst
|
Is an
epithelium lined cavity that arises from salivary gland tissue and represents a ductal dilatation or obstruction. Clinical features are similar to mucoceles. |
|
|
508
|
Mulberry molars
|
Berry-like molars, due to
atrophy of pulp horns in congenital syphilis. |
|
|
509
|
Multilocular
|
A term used
to describe a radiographic appearance of multiple, rounded compartments of locules. These can appear “soap bubble-like” or “honeycomb-like”. |
|
|
510
|
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome.
|
Autosomal dominant condition involving the parathyroids, pancreas,
thyroid and adrenal with one variant (MEN–IIB) that has an oral manifestation consisting of multiple neuromas on the mucosal surfaces |
|
|
511
|
Multiple myeloma
|
A relatively
plasma cell malignancy with multiple bony lesions occurring often in old aged with pathological fractures, radiographically punched out radiolucency and histopathologically as sheet of round blue cell and amyloid deposits. |
|
|
512
|
Mumps
|
An endemic paramyxovirus
infection affecting bilateral, salivary glands, spreading through respiratory droplets often in children occurring with fever and malaise. The complications include epididymo-orchitis and meningocephalitis. |
|
|
513
|
Munro abscess
|
A collection
of neutrophils inside the epithelium is called as Munro’s abscess and observed in Psoriasis. |
|
|
514
|
Mutagenesis
|
The induction of genetic
mutation. |
|
|
515
|
Mutation
|
A permanent
change in the arrangement of genetic material. |
|
|
516
|
Myelophithisic anemia
|
An anemia caused by malignant
proliferation of leukocytes compressing the normal marrow tissues. |
|
|
517
|
Myofibromatosis
|
See
dermatofibromatosis. |
|
|
518
|
Myospherulosis
|
A reactive, foreign body
granulomatous reaction to placement of topical tetracycline in a petrolatum base in a surgical site or defect. |
|
|
519
|
Myxoma
|
A much
debated aggressive intraosseous lesion derived from embryonic connective tissue associated with odontogenesis and primarily consisting of a mucoid ground substance with widely scattered undifferentiated spindled mesenchymal cells. |
|
|
520
|
Nasoalveolar cyst
|
See nasolabial cyst
|
|
|
521
|
Nasolabial cyst
|
A
developmental fissural cyst of the soft tissue of the anterior muco-buccal fold beneath the ala of the nose or in the upper lip, most likely derived from remnants of the inferior portion of the nasolacrimal duct. |
|
|
522
|
Nasopalatine duct cyst
|
An intraosseous developmental
fissural cyst of the midline of the anterior palate, derived from the islands of epithelium remaining after closure of the embryonic nasopalatine duct. The lesion presents as a heart shaped radiolucent area between maxillary central incisors in a radiograph. |
|
|
523
|
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
|
A rare benign
neoplasm with vascular and fibrous component occurring in nasopharyngeal region of young males. |
|
|
524
|
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
|
An aggressive form of squamous
cell carcinoma arising from epithelium lining the nasopharynx commonly occurring in Cantonese Chinese and attributed to Epstein –Barr virus. |
|
|
525
|
Natal teeth
|
Refers to
those teeth that may be present at birth. |
|
|
526
|
Necrosis
|
The death of a cell as a result of injury or disease.
|
|
|
527
|
Necrotizing sialometaplasia
|
An uncommon
locally destructive inflammatory condition of the salivary glands resulting from ischemia of the salivary gland tissue that leads to local infraction. It mimics a malignancy in clinical and histopathological presentation. |
|
|
528
|
Neonatal teeth
|
Refers to those teeth that
arise within the first thirty days of life are neonatal teeth. |
|
|
529
|
Neoplasia
|
The process
of the formation of tumors. See tumor. |
|
|
530
|
Neoplasm
|
See tumor.
|
|
|
531
|
Neuralgia Inducing Cavitational Osteonecrosis (NICO)
|
A low grade,
non-supparative, osteomyelitis of jaw with poorly visible radiographic features occurring in patients with neuralgic pain. |
|
|
532
|
Neurilemmoma
|
See Schwanomma.
|
|
|
533
|
Neurofibroma
|
A common type
of peripheral nerve neoplasm, occurring as demarcated or diffuse benign proliferation of perineural fibroblasts that are oriented in either a random pattern with a myxoid background or a nodular (plexiform) pattern. |
|
|
534
|
Neurofibromatosis
|
A common hereditary condition
autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple neurofibromas of various sizes. |
|
|
535
|
Neurofibrosarcoma
|
A malignant
counterpart of Neurofibromatosis. |
|
|
536
|
Neurogenic sarcoma
|
Malignant neoplasm with a poor
prognosis of perineural fibroblasts or Schwann cells with a propensity to rapidly extend along the associated nerve trunk. |
|
|
537
|
Neuroma
|
A benign
tumor of nervous tissue. |
|
|
538
|
Neutropenia
|
A diminished number of
neutrophils in the blood. |
|
|
539
|
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
|
An autosomal
dominant disorder characterized by oral, systemic and skeletal anomalies. An inherited group of defects which involve abnormalities of the skin, eyes, nervous system, endocrine, glands and bones. The condition is characterized by an unusual facial appearance and a predisposition for skin cancer. |
|
|
540
|
Nevus
|
A benign, exophytic, usually
pigmented, congenital lesion of the skin or mucosa composed of focal collections of rounded melanocytes; a mole. It may be flat or elevated, pigmented or non-pigmented, and may or may not contain hair. |
|
|
541
|
NICO
|
See Neuralgia
inducing cavitational osteonecrosis |
|
|
542
|
Nicotine palatinus
|
See smoker’s palate
|
|
|
543
|
Nicotine stomatitis
|
A diffuse,
reactive, reversible white change of the buccal mucosa caused by a combination of hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, frequently containing multiple small nodules; found in heavy smokers due to the heat. |
|
|
544
|
Nikolsky’s sign
|
A clinical sign observed some
bullous diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid where the superficial epithelium separates easily from the basal layer on exertion of firm sliding manual pressure. |
|
|
545
|
Nodular fascitis
|
Localized
benign lesion composed of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that are often clinically mistaken for a malignancy. |
|
|
546
|
Nodular melanoma
|
A form of melanoma of the skin
and occasionally the mucosa that arises as a raised mass with a limited radial-growth phase quickly invades and metastasizes and consists of a wide variety of cell shapes and sizes. |
|
|
547
|
Nodule
|
A palpable
solid lesion greater than 5 mm in diameter found in soft tissue. It can occur above, level with, or beneath the skin surface. |
|
|
548
|
Odontogenic cyst
|
A cyst in which the lining of
the lumen is derived from epithelium produced during tooth development. |
|
|
549
|
Odontogenic fibroma
|
A peripheral
or intraosseous (central) benign neoplasm derived from connective tissue of odontogenic origin containing widely scattered islands and strands of embryonic odontogenic epithelium and calcifications. |
|
|
550
|
Odontogenic keratocyst
|
A cyst derived from the
remnants (rests) of the dental lamina, with a biologic behavior similar to a benign neoplasm, with a distinctive lining of six to ten cells in thickness, and that exhibits a basal cell layer of palisaded cells and a surface of corrugated parakeratin. |
|
|
551
|
Odontogenic tumors
|
Lesions
derived from epithelial or mesenchymal elements, or both, that are odontogenic in nature. |
|
|
552
|
Odontoma
|
Are common developmental
hamartoma of odontogenic in origin. They are found in children and young adult as painless swelling composed of multiple small tooth like structure (compound) or conglomerate mass of enamel and dentin (Complex). |
|
|
553
|
Oligodontia
|
Absence of
six or more teeth than the normal number of teeth. |
|
|
554
|
Oncogenic
|
Capable of causing tumor
formation. |
|
|
555
|
Oncology
|
The study of
tumors or neoplasms. |
|
|
556
|
Opportunistic infection
|
A disease caused by a
microorganism that does not ordinarily cause disease but becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances. |
|
|
557
|
Oral submucous fibrosis
|
Is an
insidious chronic disease affecting any part of the oral cavity & sometimes the pharynx. It is always associated with juxta epithelial inflammatory reaction followed by fibroelastic change of lamina propria with epithelial atrophy leading to stiffness of the oral mucosa causing trismus and inability to eat. (WHO, 1967) |
|
|
558
|
Ossifying fibroma
|
A well-demarcated
fibro-osseous lesion, encapsulated, expansile intraosseous lesion of the jaws composed of cellular fibrous tissue containing spherical calcifications and irregular, randomly oriented bony structures. |
|
|
559
|
Osteoblastoma
|
A benign
neoplasm of bone that arises from osteoblasts with similar clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of osteoid osteoma consisting of well-demarcated, rounded intraosseous swellings, each with an active cellular central nidus surrounded by a wide zone of osteoid, with pain upon palpation. |
|
|
560
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta
|
A spectrum of diseases of bone
due to a basic alteration in the formation of bone connective tissue matrix, resulting in an inability of the matrix to fully mineralize exhibiting a tendency for multiple broken bones, blue sclera of the eyes and associated dentinogenesis imperfecta. |
|
|
561
|
Osteoma
|
An exophytic
nodular growth of dense cortical bone on or within the mandible or maxilla in locations other than those occupied by tori or exostoses. |
|
|
562
|
Osteomyelitis
|
An inflammatory process within
medullary (trabecular) bone that involves the marrow spaces. |
|
|
563
|
Osteopetrosis
|
Generalized
hereditary condition consisting of excessive bone mineralization, resulting in altered stature, frequent fractures, lack of bone marrow hematopoietic function, and a tendency for severe osteomyelitis of the jaws. |
|
|
564
|
Osteoradionecrosis
|
A condition of non-vital bone
in a site of radiation exposure due to hypoxia hypocellular and hypovascular bone. |
|
|
565
|
Osteosclerosis
|
Abnormal
hardening or increased density of bone on radiographs. |
|
|
566
|
Paget’s disease
|
An osteodystrophy
characterized by uncoordinated bone remodeling of adults producing larger but weaker bones, extensive pain, high levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline, and an increased tendency for pathological fractures and develop malignant bone neoplasm. |
|
|
567
|
Palpation
|
The
evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area. The descriptive terms for palpation are soft, firm and fluid filled. These terms also describe the consistency of a lesion. |
|
|
568
|
Papillary
|
A term describing a small
numerous projection usually found in clusters. |
|
|
569
|
Papillary hyperplasia
|
A reactive
tissue growth that usually develops beneath an ill fitting upper denture. |
|
|
570
|
Papilloma
|
A benign exophytic papillary
growth of stratified squamous epithelium. Most common epithelial pathology. Often caused by Papilloma virus. |
|
|
571
|
Papillon Lefevre syndrome
|
An autosomal
recessive disorder characterized by severe destructive periodontal disease affecting both the primary and permanent dentitions and hyperkeratosis of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet due to an immune defect. |
|
|
572
|
Paradental cyst
|
An odontogenic cyst of
uncertain origin found primarily on the distal or facial aspect of a vital mandibular third molar, consisting of intensely inflamed connective tissue and epithelial lining. |
|
|
573
|
Parakeratin
|
An epithelial
component of keratosis which has small residual nuclei in the superficial corneal layer. |
|
|
574
|
Parulis
|
A sessile nodule on the
gingiva at the site where draining sinus tact reaches the surface. |
|
|
575
|
Pathogenesis
|
A series of
events taking place in a disease leading to the presentation of complaint. |
|
|
576
|
Pavementing
|
The process of adherence of
leukocytes to the endothelial cells lining an injured blood vessel. |
|
|
577
|
Pedunculated
|
Attached by a
stem-like or stalk base similar to that of a mushroom. Or The narrowest part of the lesion is attached to the surface. |
|
|
578
|
Pellicle
|
The thin covering on the
surfaces of teeth derived from the salivary proteins. When microorganisms colonize this pellicle it is termed as plaque. |
|
|
579
|
Penetrance
|
The prevalence of individuals with a given genotype
that manifest clinically the phenotype associated with that trait. |
|
|
580
|
Periapical abscess
|
A sequale of chronic pulpitis
in which there is an exudates collection extending into the adjacent periapical tissues. |
|
|
581
|
Periapical cemental dysplasia
|
Asymptomatic
diffuse periapical radiolucent and radiopaque areas in which cemento-osseous tissue replaces the normal architecture of bone. |
|
|
582
|
Periapical cyst
|
An inflammatory odontogenic
cyst of preceded by a chronic periapical abscess or a granuloma with epithelium derived from rests of Malassez present in the periodontal membrane usually as a result of dental caries. |
|
|
583
|
Periapical granuloma
|
A mass of
chronically inflamed granulation tissue resulting from irritation following pulp disease or endodontic treatment at the tip of the root. |
|
|
584
|
Pericornitis
|
An inflammatory lesion caused
by the accumulation of food debris in a soft tissue space between erupting teeth and the alveolar mucosa covering it and subsequent infection of gram negative organism. Common in mandibular third molars. |
|
|
585
|
Periodontal abscess
|
A localized
accumulation of puss with in periodontal pockets is called as a periodontal abscess. |
|
|
586
|
Periodontal pocket
|
The pathological space between
the tip of the free gingiva and the base of the sulcular epithelium at the cementum filled by plaque, food debris and microbes. |
|
|
587
|
Peripheral
|
Pertaining
to the outer part, such as the edge or margin. |
|
|
588
|
Peripheral ossifying fibroma
|
A benign reactive lesion that
occurring exclusively on the gingiva with areas of ossification or cementum. (Peripheral cemento –ossifying fibroma). |
|
|
589
|
Pernicious anemia
|
An anemia
caused by deficiency of Vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor causing macrocytic and hyperchromic type of RBC. |
|
|
590
|
Petechiae
|
Little red spots, ranging in
size from pinpoint to several millimeters in diameter. Petechiae consist of extravasated blood within an intact mucosa. |
|
|
591
|
Phagocytosis
|
A process of
ingestion and digestion by leukocytes. |
|
|
592
|
Phenotype
|
The physical and clinical
visible characteristics of an individual and is genotype’s observable appearance. |
|
|
593
|
Phoneix abscess
|
An
exacerbation of a chronic lesion is called as a phoenix abscess. |
|
|
594
|
Pigmented
|
Colored as the result of a
deposit of pigment exogenous or endogenous. |
|
|
595
|
Pindborg tumor
|
See
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor |
|
|
596
|
Plaque
|
An area with a flat surface
and raised edges. |
|
|
597
|
Plaque
|
Is a complex
microbial ecosystem found on the hard surfaces of oral cavity and is composed of salivary proteins, food debris, desquamated epithelial cells and microbes. Plaque is the common cause of gingivitis. |
|
|
598
|
Platelet
|
One of the formed elements found
in circulating blood. A platelet has a circular or disk-like shape is small. Platelets aid in blood coagulation and clot retraction. |
|
|
599
|
Pleomorphic
|
Occurs in
various forms. |
|
|
600
|
Polycythemia
|
An increase in the total red
blood cell mass in the blood. |
|
|
601
|
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
|
Fibrous
dysplasia affecting several or many bones and café au lait spots. Can be classified in to Jaffe type and Mc Cune Albright Syndrome. |
|
|
602
|
Port wine stain
|
A unique type of Hemangioma
consisting of superficial and deep dilated capillaries in the skin which produces reddish to purplish discoloration of the surface skin. |
|
|
603
|
Potentially malignant condition (Previously
Premalignant condition) |
A disease or
a habit that does not necessarily alter the clinical appearance of the local tissue but is associated with a greater than normal risk of cancer development in that tissue. |
|
|
604
|
Potentially malignant lesion (Previously Premalignant lesion)
|
A benign, morphologically
altered tissue that has a greater than normal risk of malignant transformation. |
|
|
605
|
Primary intra osseous carcinoma
|
A squamous
cell carcinoma within bone and with no indication that it originated from surface epithelium or that it metastasized from another site. |
|
|
606
|
Primary tumor The original tumor; the source of metastasis.
|
||
|
607
|
Proliferation
|
The
multiplication of cells. |
|
|
608
|
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
|
A distinct potentially
malignant lesion characterized by diffuse white and/ or papillary area of the mucosa caused by varying degrees of epithelial hyperplasia; it has the potential to develop into verrucous carcinoma or well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. |
|
|
609
|
Prosoplasia
|
Is an
irreversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another type. |
|
|
610
|
Proteolytic – chelation theory
|
It states that Dental caries
is a simultaneous process of microbial degradation of organic components and dissolution of minerals by chelation that is independent of pH. |
|
|
611
|
Proteolytic theory
|
It states
that dental caries initiates at the organic or protein elements through which bacteria enters and cause the lyses of soft and hard tissues of teeth. |
|
|
612
|
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
|
An excessively elongated rete
pegs composed of normal keratinocytes that extend into the immediately adjacent connective tissue, giving a false impression of a squamous cell carcinoma seen in a variety of conditions. |
|
|
613
|
Pulp stone
|
Calcification within the dental pulp lying free or attached to the pulpal surface of the tooth. |
|
|
614
|
Pulpal abscess
|
An inflammation of the dental
pulp, associated with a localized collection of necrotic tissue and pus arising from breakdown of leukocytes and bacteria, sometimes walled off with connective tissue. |
|
|
615
|
Pulpitis
|
An
inflammation of the pulpal tissue that may be acute or chronic with or without symptoms and reversible le or irreversible. |
|
|
616
|
Purpura
|
A group of platelet disorders
characterized by purplish or brownish-red discolorations caused by bleeding into the skin or tissues. |
|
|
617
|
Purulent
|
Containing
pus. |
|
|
618
|
Pustule
|
Blisters of various sized
circumscribed elevations containing pus. |
|
|
619
|
Pyogenic granuloma
|
A benign
reactive lesion restricted to gingiva characterized by a fast-growing proliferation of endothelial cells and usually in response to chronic irritation. |
|
|
620
|
Pyronine bodies
|
Are clusters of lightly
basophilic particles in association with plasmacytic infiltrate in periapical granuloma. |
|
|
621
|
Quincke’s disease
|
See
angioneurotic edema. |
|
|
622
|
Radiation therapy
|
The careful use of high-energy
radiation to treat cancer either in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy or alone. |
|
|
623
|
Radicular cyst
|
An odontogenic cyst of inflammatory origin that is
preceded by a chronic periapical granuloma and stimulation of rests of Malassez present in the periodontal membrane. |
|
|
624
|
Radiolucent
|
The black or dark areas in a
radiograph that result from the ability of radiant energy to pass through the structure. Less dense structures (e.g., the pulp) are radiolucent. |
|
|
625
|
Radiopaque
|
The white or
clear appearance in a radiograph that results from the inability of radiant energy to pass through a structure. The more dense the structure (i.e., amalgam restorations), the whiter it appears in the radiograph. |
|
|
626
|
Rampant Caries
|
A rapidly spreading type of
caries commonly seen in bottle feeding children occurring in areas that is less prone for caries. |
|
|
627
|
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
|
Is a
combination of cutaneous lesions of herpes zoster of external auditory canal with involvement of ipsilateral facial paralysis and auditory nerves. |
|
|
628
|
Ranula
|
Is a term used for mucocele
occurring in the floor of mouth. |
|
|
629
|
Ratner bone cavity
|
See NICO
|
|
|
630
|
Raynaud’s phenomenon
|
A phenomenon exhibited by
persons exhibited to cold. From blanching of the digits to the blue color due to venous stasis the color change is observed. |
|
|
631
|
Recessive In genetics, a trait or characteristic
manifested clinically with a double gene dose in autosomic chromosomes or with a single dose in males if the trait is X-linked. |
||
|
632
|
Reed- Sternberg cells
|
See Doorthy Reed cells
|
|
|
633
|
Regional odontodysplasia
|
A
developmental disturbance of several adjacent teeth in which the enamel and dentin are thin and irregular and fail to adequately mineralize; surrounding soft tissue is hyperplastic and contains focal accumulations of spherical calcifications and odontogenic rests. |
|
|
634
|
Repair
|
The restoration of damaged or
diseased tissues. |
|
|
635
|
Residual cyst
|
A cyst that
remains at the site of a previously extracted tooth. |
|
|
636
|
Retention cyst
|
See Mucocele
|
|
|
637
|
Retrocuspid papilla
|
A sessile
nodule on the gingival margin of the lingual aspect of the mandibular cuspids. |
|
|
638
|
Reverse smoking
|
A peculiar smoking habit
practiced by certain people all over world, (Andhra Pradesh in India) where the lighted end is held inside the mouth. |
|
|
639
|
Reversible pulpitis
|
Mild
inflammation of the tooth pulp caused by dental caries or trauma to the pulp, the changes being reversible once the trauma is removed. |
|
|
640
|
Rhabdomyoma
|
A rare, benign neoplasm of
striated muscle. |
|
|
641
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma
|
Rare, rapidly
growing malignant neoplasm of striated muscle that occurs in three histologic patterns (embryonal, alveolar, and pleomorphic) having a poor prognosis. |
|
|
642
|
Rheumatoid factor
|
A protein, an immunoglobulin M
(IgM), found in serum and detectable on laboratory tests. It is associated with rheumatoid |
|
|
643
|
Riga- Fede disease
|
A chronic
type of traumatic ulceration that is histopathologically unique exhibiting a deep pseudoinvasive inflammatory reaction with high number of eosinophilia, also similar to “TUGSE”. The Lesion is seen in nursing babies when lower teeth erupt to cause ulcerations at the ventral surface of tongue and rarely on dorsal surface by the maxillary incisors. |
|
|
644
|
Rodent ulcer
|
See basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
645
|
Romberg syndrome
|
A
characteristic loss in the soft tissues below the skin, usually on one side of the face; In some severe cases, the underlying bone is also effected. |
|
|
646
|
Root resorption
|
Breakdown or destruction of
root structure; loss of root structure. The apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped. |
|
|
647
|
Rootless teeth
|
A hereditary
defect in dentin formation in which the coronal dentin and tooth color is normal; the root dentin is abnormal with a gnarled pattern and associated shortened and tapered roots. |
|
|
648
|
Russell bodies
|
Are scattered eosinophilic
globules of gamma globulin secreted by numerous plasma cells seen in periapical granuloma. |
|
|
649
|
Saint Anthony’s fire
|
Earlier name
of Erysipelas, an infection of skin caused by streptococcus, spreading through lymphatics as red well circumscribed indurated areas occurring in children. |
|
|
650
|
Salivary Calculi
|
Refers to calcified structures
that develop within the salivary ductal system, by deposition of calcium salts around a nidus of debris within the lumen. |
|
|
651
|
San Joaquin Valley fever
|
Is the other
name of coccidiomycosis. |
|
|
652
|
Sarcoidosis
|
Is an insidious multisystemic
granulomatous disorder of unknown cause in middle aged individuals with symptoms similar to tuberculosis with scattered nonspecific tender erythematous nodules called erythema nodosum. |
|
|
653
|
Sarcoma
|
Malignant
growth of connective tissues origin. |
|
|
654
|
Scalloping
|
A margin that is not straight
or smooth; with periodical up and downs. |
|
|
655
|
Scarlet fever
|
Is a systemic
infection produced by beta hemolytic group of streptococci that begins as a tonsillitis and pharyngitis and produces an enanthematous and exanthematous reaction via an erythrogenic toxin. Common in children. |
|
|
656
|
Schaumann bodies
|
The granulomatous inflammation
of sarcoidosis contains a laminated basophilic calcifications called as schaumann bodies. |
|
|
657
|
Schwannoma
|
Well-demarcated, benign neural lesion
consisting of a fibroblastic proliferation of the nerve sheath cell (Schwann cell) producing distinctive patterns referred to as Antoni A, Antoni B tissue and Verocay bodies. |
|
|
658
|
Scleroderma
|
A rare immunologically mediated
dermatologic abnormality leading to Raynaud’s phenomenon or CREST syndrome with skin developing a diffuse, hard texture with a smooth surface. |
|
|
659
|
Scrofula
|
A form of
tuberculosis spread through infected milk presenting as a enlargement of oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue with cervical lymph node involvement. |
|
|
660
|
Scrotal tongue
|
See fissured tongue
|
|
|
661
|
Scurvy
|
A bleeding
gingival status caused by vitamin C deficiency status due to faculty collagen synthesis mechanism. |
|
|
662
|
Sebaceous cyst
|
Is a common cyst of skin with
a lumen lined by keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium, usually filled with keratin and without skin appendages in the capsule wall. |
|
|
663
|
Sequestrum
|
A fragment of
dead bone separated from healthy bone as a result of chronic inflammation or infection. . |
|
|
664
|
Serous
|
A substance having a watery
consistency; relating to serum. |
|
|
665
|
Sessile
|
When the
broadest part of the lesion is attached to the surface of the body it is said to be sessile. Describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad. |
|
|
666
|
Shagreen patches
|
A skin hamartoma lesion
observed in trunk of patient with tuberous sclerosis that resemble skin of shark. |
|
|
667
|
Shell teeth
|
In severe
form of dentinogenesis imperfecta, due to pulpal enlargement, thin dentin and normal enamel commonly associated with deciduous dentition. |
|
|
668
|
Shingles
|
See Herpes zoster
|
|
|
669
|
Sialadenitis
|
Refers to the
inflammation of the salivary glands which can arise from various infectious and non infectious cause, the most common being mumps. |
|
|
670
|
Sialolithiasis
|
See salivary calculi
|
|
|
671
|
Sialo-odontogenic cyst
|
An unusually
large solitary or multilocular odontogenic cyst probably derived from the rests of dental lamina, consisting a stratified squamous epithelium containing numerous mucus-secreting cells. |
|
|
672
|
Sickle cell anemia
|
Is a hemoglobinopathies, a
genetic disorder because of the mutational substitution of thymine for adenine in DNA, resulting in valine than glutamic acid in beta chain of globin turning the hemoglobin to be more prone for aggregation and polymerization in deoxygenated state. |
|
|
673
|
Sideropenic dysphagia
|
See Plummer –
Vinson syndrome |
|
|
674
|
Sign
|
A feature of the disease or
condition elucidated by the examining physician by performing palpating or auscultations. |
|
|
675
|
Sinus tract
|
A
pathological drainage pathway from a deep focus of acute infection through tissue and/or bone to an opening on the surface. |
|
|
676
|
Sjogren’s syndrome
|
The chronic, systemic
autoimmune disorder that principally involves the salivary, lacrimal and eyes is the Sjogren’s syndrome. |
|
|
677
|
Smoker´s melanosis
|
A reactive,
irregularly shaped brownish macular pigmentations of oral tissue that are associated with prolonged tobacco smoking. |
|
|
678
|
Smoker’s palate
|
A reactive white keratotic
patch that commonly develops in palate in reaction to the heat of tobacco smoke appearing as numerous papules often grayish white in color with punctuate red centers. It is not a potentially malignant state. |
|
|
679
|
Snuff dipper’s lesion
|
Is a reactive
change in mucosa to the chronically placed smokeless tobacco appearing as a whitish or grayish white velvety lesion. |
|
|
680
|
Somatic cells
|
All the cells of the human
body with the exception of the germ cells. |
|
|
681
|
Sphenopalatine neuralgia
|
Is a
paroxysmal intense painful condition affecting the mid and upper face of unknown etiology. The pain attacks over a period of few weeks followed by period of remission to recur. |
|
|
682
|
Spindle cell carcinoma or Carcinosarcoma
|
Rare, unusual form of poorly
differentiated squamous cell carcinoma consisting of elongated (spindled) epithelial cells that resemble a sarcoma. |
|
|
683
|
Spitz nevus
|
Is an
uncommon type of small melanocytic nevus that share many histopathological features with melanoma occurring during childhood. |
|
|
684
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
A malignant neoplasm of
stratified squamous epithelium that is capable of locally destructive growth and distant metastasis. |
|
|
685
|
Squamous odontogenic tumor
|
A rare,
sometimes multifocal, potentially aggressive lesion derived from odontogenic epithelium, consisting of islands of stratified squamous epithelium that commonly contain microcysts and calcifications in a dense fibrous background. |
|
|
686
|
Stafne cyst or Stafne defect
|
A developmental concavity of
the lingual cortex of the angle of mandible, caused by overextension of an accessory lateral lobe of the submandibular gland, and has the radiographic appearance of a well-circumscribed cystic lesion within the bone, usually below the inferior alveolar canal |
|
|
687
|
Stain
|
A deposit on
the hard tissue surface of oral cavity characterized by a color change. |
|
|
688
|
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
|
A severe form of erythema
multiforme triggered by a drug reaction often involving the ocular, genital mucosa in conjunction with oral and skin lesion. |
|
|
689
|
Struge – Weber syndrome
|
A rare non
hereditary developmental condition characterized by a hamartomatous vascular proliferations and neurological abnormalities. |
|
|
690
|
Stylohyoid syndrome
|
See eagle syndrome
|
|
|
691
|
Superficial spreading melanoma
|
Most common
form of malignant melanoma, initially appearing as an irregularly shaped brown-black macular area with jagged borders and satellite lesions in which areas of nodular melanoma eventually develop. |
|
|
692
|
Supernumerary
|
One or more than the normal
complement. |
|
|
693
|
Surgical ciliated cyst of maxilla
|
An intrabony
cyst located near or at the floor of the maxillary sinus lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar respiratory epithelium, caused by implantation of normal mucus-secreting sinus epithelium during previous surgery or a trauma including traumatic extraction. |
|
|
694
|
Sutton’s disease
|
Is the Major apthous ulcer
with long episodes, deep and heals with scarring. |
|
|
695
|
Swift disease
|
See Acrodynia
|
|
|
696
|
Symptom
|
A manifestation of disease of
which the patient is usually aware and frequently complains. |
|
|
697
|
Syndrome
|
A combination
of signs and symptoms occurring commonly enough to constitute a distinct clinical entity. |
|
|
698
|
Syphilis
|
Is a sexually or vertically
transmitted, world wide, chronic, granulomatous infection produced by Treponema palladium. The primary and secondary stages may be infective when occurring in oral cavity. |
|
|
699
|
Systemic
|
Pertaining to
or affecting the body as a whole. |
|
|
700
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus
|
Is a immunologically mediated
multisystemic disease often involving skin, kidney and cardiac complications. |
|
|
701
|
Systemic sclerosis
|
See
Scleroderma. |
|
|
702
|
T lymphocyte
|
A lymphocyte that is
differentiated in the thymus before migrating to tissues. The T lymphocyte, also called a T cell, is responsible for cell-mediated immunity. |
|
|
703
|
Talon cusp
|
A
developmental defect in the shape of teeth that is form of supernumerary cusp which arises from the cingulum portion of the tooth and extends to the incisal edge as a prominent projection of enamel that imparts a T shape, usually of incisors and canine. |
|
|
704
|
Target lesion
|
A concentric circular
erythematous rings resembling a targets or bull’s eye as observed in the immunologically mediated erythema multiforme. |
|
|
705
|
Taurodont
|
A
developmental abnormality of a malformed multirooted tooth characterized by an altered crown-to-root ratio, the crown being of normal length, the roots being abnormally short, and the pulp chamber being abnormally large. |
|
|
706
|
Tay-Sach’s disease
|
A lipid reticuloendothelioses
inherited as autosomal recessive trait caused by a lack of hexosaminadase A that results in accumulation of ganglioside within lysosome of neurons. |
|
|
707
|
Telangiectasia
|
The formation
of small dilated capillaries near the surface of a tissue. Telangiectasia may be a sign of hereditary disorder, alcohol abuse, or malignancy in the region. |
|
|
708
|
Temporal arteritis
|
Is an idiopathic, multifocal
vasculitis of cranial arteries (superficial temporal artery) presenting as a unilateral throbbing headache characterized by the chronic inflammation of intima and tunica media of the arteries, narrowing of lumen and edema and proliferation of intima. |
|
|
709
|
Teratoma
|
A
developmental tumor composed of tissue from all three germ layers and believed to arise from germ cells or entrapped totipotent blastomeres. |
|
|
710
|
Thalassemia
|
Represents a group of
inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis characterized by reduced synthesis of beta globin chains of hemoglobin molecule. If only one gene is affected it is a minor form and if both genes are affected it is major form of thalassemia. |
|
|
711
|
Thrombocyte
|
A platelet.
|
|
|
712
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
Decrease in the number of
platelets in circulating blood due to many pathological conditions. |
|
|
713
|
Thrush
|
See
candidiasis |
|
|
714
|
Thymus
|
A lymphoid organ that is
situated in the retrosternum. It reaches maximal development at about puberty and then undergoes gradual involution. |
|
|
715
|
Thyroglossal duct cyst or Thyroglossal tract cyst
|
A
developmental midline, painless, fluctuant, movable cyst arising from remnants of thyroglossal duct epithelium. |
|
|
716
|
Tic douloureux
|
See trigeminal neuralgia.
|
|
|
717
|
Tobacco pouch keratosis
|
A reactive
altered mucosa due to use of smokeless tobacco usually in mandibular vestibule or in the area of the placement of smokeless tobacco. The alteration disappears with the discontinuation of the habit. |
|
|
718
|
Tooth discoloration
|
Color changes in the teeth.
|
|
|
719
|
Tori or Torus
|
A benign bony
nodule on the hard palate or on the lingual aspect of the premolars area of mandible. |
|
|
720
|
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
|
A most severe form of erythema
multiforme, mostly triggered by a drug exposure causing a diffuse sloughing of mucosal and skin surface in older people. |
|
|
721
|
Translucent
|
Somewhat
penetrable by rays of light. |
|
|
722
|
Trauma
|
A wound or injury; damage
produced by an external force. |
|
|
723
|
Traumatic bone cyst
|
Asymptomatic
intraosseous empty cavity of young patients located primarily within the jaw bone, lined by a thin loose connective tissue membrane and is adequately treated when blood enters the space during an intraosseous biopsy. |
|
|
724
|
Traumatic neuroma
|
A benign painful nodular
proliferation of nerve and fibrous tissue of the nerve sheath resulting from the futile attempt of nerve fibers to reunite with their severed distal portion due to a trauma. |
|
|
725
|
Traumatic neuroma
|
A painful
reactive proliferation of neural tissue at a site of injury |
|
|
726
|
Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosiophilia (TUGSE)
|
See Riga –fede disease.
|
|
|
727
|
Treacher Collins syndrome
|
An autosomal
dominant inherited first and second branchial arch abnormality characterized by slanting palpebral fissures, sunken cheek bones, receding chin, and malformed ears. |
|
|
728
|
Trench mouth
|
See ANUG
|
|
|
729
|
Trigeminal neuralgia
|
An
unexplained pain in the peripheral parts of the fifth cranial nerve causing a sharp intense lancinating pain for a shorter duration occurring in episode separated by a refractory period and has trigger zone. |
|
|
730
|
Trisomy
|
A pair of chromosomes with an
identical extra chromosome. |
|
|
731
|
Tubercle
|
The granuloma
of tuberculosis made up of circumscribed collection of epithelioid histiocytes, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells with a central caseous necrosis is called as tubercle. |
|
|
732
|
Tuberculosis
|
A chronic debilitating
bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberulosis, causing a cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction with evening raise of fever, loss of weight and chronic cough. |
|
|
733
|
Tuberous sclerosis
|
An autosomal
dominant inherited uncommon syndrome characterized by mental retardation, seizure and angiofibromas. |
|
|
734
|
Tumor
|
An abnormal mass of tissue the
growth of which is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissue and does not cease when provoking stimulus are removed. |
|
|
735
|
Turner’s hypoplasia or Turner’s tooth
|
Enamel
hypoplasia of a single tooth, most commonly one of the permanent maxillary incisors or a maxillary or mandibular premolar, resulting from local infection or trauma. |
|
|
736
|
Tyndall effect
|
Refers to the interaction of
light with particles in colloidal solution producing the blue color of blue nevus. |
|
|
737
|
Tzanck cells
|
The
acantholytic epithelial cell with nucleolar fragmentation with condensation of chromation around the periphery of the nucleus. Seen in Viral infection like herpes and pemphigus vulgaris. |
|
|
738
|
Ulcer
|
A loss in continuity of
surface epithelium that extends in to lamina propria. The cause of ulcer is many and usually due to a sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue. |
|
|
739
|
Unilocular
|
A term used
to describe a radiographic appearance of a single, rounded compartment or locule. |
|
|
740
|
Varicella Or chicken pox
|
Is a common viral infection
in children caused by varicella zoster or human herpes virus -3, spread through air droplets or direct contact and causes intensely pruritic exanthema that characteristically is observed as “a dewdrop on a rose petal” after which they ulcerate to heal. |
|
|
741
|
Varicosity or Varicies
|
Is an
abnormally dilated and tortuous vein commonly observed in aged due to the loss in the rigidity of the vessel wall. |
|
|
742
|
Ventral
|
Directed toward or situated on
the belly surface in humans (opposite of dorsal). |
|
|
743
|
Verocay bodies
|
In
neurilemoma, the neural tissue is regularly arranged in streaming fascicles of schwan cells which form a palisaded arrangement around central, acellular, eosinophilic areas called as verocay bodies. |
|
|
744
|
Verruca vulgaris
|
Is a benign viral induced (HPV-2,
4, 40) hyperplasia of stratified squamous epithelium that appears as a painless papule or a nodule with a papillary projections. |
|
|
745
|
Verruciform xanthoma
|
A well
demarcated, soft, painless, sessile, epithelial hyperplastic condition of unknown etiology characterized by an accumulation of lipid laden histiocytes in the connective tissue papillae. |
|
|
746
|
Verrucous carcinoma
|
A distinct, diffuse,
papillary, superficial, locally invasive, usually non-metastasizing form of low grade well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma occurring in aged. |
|
|
747
|
Verrucous hyperplasia
|
The papillary
exophytic proliferation with increase in thickness of epithelium in a hyperkeratotic whitish unscrappable patch is referred as verrucous hyperplasia. |
|
|
748
|
Verrucous leukoplakia
|
A nodular leukoplakia that is
exophytic and demonstrates verrucous projections is referred as verrucous leukoplakia. |
|
|
749
|
Vesicle
|
A
well-defined lesion of the skin and mucous membranes that resembles a sac, contains fluid, and is less than 1 cm in diameter. |
|
|
750
|
Vincent’s infection
|
See ANUG
|
|
|
751
|
Visceral
|
Pertaining
to body organs. |
|
|
752
|
Von Recklinghausen´s disease
|
An autosomal dominant
hereditary condition with a mutation in 17q11.2 with an abnormal neurofibrin, presenting as multiple neurofibromas of the skin and mucosa and associated café au lait spots of the skin with the potential for producing disfigurement and malignant transformation. |
|
|
753
|
Wart, Common
|
Is a benign
viral induced (HPV-2, 4, 40) hyperplasia of stratified squamous epithelium that appears as a painless papule or a nodule with a papillary projections |
|
|
754
|
Wart, Veneral
|
Is a virus induced (HPV 6, 11,
16, 18) proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium of the genetilia. |
|
|
755
|
Warthin’s Tumor
|
Is a benign
neoplasm of parotid salivary gland that presents as a slowly growing painless nodular mass and is composed of a mixture of ductal epithelium and a lymphoid stroma. |
|
|
756
|
Warty dyskeratoma
|
Is an uncommon solitary,
asymptomatic, umblicated papule of the skin the histopathology of which is very similar to that of Darier’s disease. |
|
|
757
|
Wegener’s granulomatosis
|
A well
recognized uncommon disease process of unknown cause with multi organ involvement with a characteristic oral change of strawberry gingivitis and or oral ulcerations. |
|
|
758
|
Well circumscribed
|
A term used to describe a
lesion whose borders are specifically defined, and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent |
|
|
759
|
White sponge nevus
|
Relatively
rare autosomal dominant hereditary condition in which the oral mucosa has a pearly white, thickened and folded. High penetrance and variable expression. |
|
|
760
|
Whitlow
|
A herpes infection involving
the distal phalanx of a finger. Commonly seen in dentist. |
|
|
761
|
Wickhams striae
|
They are the
characteristic fine lacy white lines observed in the lichen planus. |
|
|
762
|
Xanthoma cells
|
These are the numerous large
macrophages with foamy cytoplasm confined to connective tissue papillae that contain lipid, diastase resistant granules. |
|
|
763
|
Xeroderma pigmentosum
|
A rare
autosomal recessive trait genodermatosis that predisposes to malignancies. The defect lies in the excision repair and or post replication mechanism of DNA. |
|
|
764
|
Xerophthalmia
|
Abnormal dryness of the eyes
as observed in condition like Sicca syndrome. |
|
|
765
|
Xerostomia
|
It is a
condition of dry mouth. The cause of dry mouth could be local, systemic or psychogenic factors. With true xerostomia the quantity and or quality of saliva are diminished. |
|
|
766
|
Zoster sine herpete
|
It is a type of herpes zoster
that is recurrent and occurs with the absence of vesiculation of the skin or mucosa. |
|
|
767
|
Zygomycosis
|
An
Opportunistic, frequently fulminant, fungal infection that is caused by normally saprophytic organisms of the class Zygomycetes including Absidia, Mucr, and Rhizopus. The disease frequently affects immunocompromised and diabetics. Rhinocerebral form of the disease is of interest to the dentist. |
|
Prof. Rooban Thavarajah
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist
List